ron, nickel and chromium impurities if the content is too high

Molybdenum is often used in CIGS solar cells as a back contact material, sputtering target manufacturer recently Plansee in cooperation with the TU Bergakademie Freiberg in-depth study on this theme. Plansee research results published on the ICMCTF Conference, obtained Molybdenum tube films have a decisive influence on the conductivity of the process error and defect types. Sputtering occurs during the process of impurities and incorrect temperature conductivity materials allegedly affect the main factors. Iron, nickel and chromium impurities if the content is too high, it may cause the film conductivity is reduced by 40% or more. To offset this effect CIGS manufacturing process can be improved purity of the sputtering target. If you misplaced or molybdenum lattice defects, may also significantly affect the molybdenum film conductivity.
    Despite the dislocation contribute to the metal workability, but will as much as 14% decrease in conductivity. Plansee and TU Bergakademie Freiberg found in this area shows the impact can be up to 150 ° C degrees temperature instead of the previous process temperature to reduce by half.
    With such high temperatures can be reduced gathered in the interstitial lattice of impurities (usually nitrogen, oxygen and argon etc.) effects.
    As this may decrease the conductivity of the film will be 12%. Temperatures up to 150 ° C, the small atomic lattice of molybdenum active enough to break the shackles. Molybdenum material tests on soda lime glass by coating a thin film to implement, so that it can release the basic characteristics of the thin layer, the resistance of the thin film measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) analysis of microstructure of the film structure. Research group consists of TU Bergakademie Freiberg Institute of Materials Science and professor David Rafaja Plansee film material developer Harald K? Stenbauer leadership.